chloramphenicol (chloramphenicol)

Latin name

LEVYCETIN

Release form

Solution for external use, alcohol transparent, colorless or yellowish, with a characteristic odor of alcohol.

Pharmacological action

Broad-spectrum antibiotic. The antimicrobial mechanism is associated with a violation of the synthesis of proteins of microorganisms. It has a bacteriostatic effect. Active against gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. gram-negative bacteria: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Klebsiella spp., Serratia spp., Yersinia spp., Proteus spp., Rickettsia spp. active against Spirochaetaceae, some large viruses.

Chloramphenicol is active against strains resistant to penicillin, streptomycin, sulfonamides.

The resistance of microorganisms to chloramphenicol develops relatively slowly.

Indications

For oral administration: infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by microorganisms sensitive to chloramphenicol, including typhoid fever, paratyphoid, dysentery, brucellosis, tularemia, whooping cough, typhus and other rickettsioses, tramenisemia, pneumonitis osteomyelitis.

For external use: purulent skin lesions, boils, non-healing trophic ulcers, burns of the II and III degree, nipple cracks in lactating women.

For topical use in ophthalmology: inflammatory eye diseases.

Contraindications

Blood diseases, severe liver dysfunction, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme deficiency, skin diseases (psoriasis, eczema, fungal diseases) pregnancy, lactation, children under 4 weeks of age (newborns), hypersensitivity to chloramphenicol, tiam azidamphenicol.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

Chloramphenicol is contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding).

Composition

100 ml contains: Chloramphenicol - 250 mg.

Dosage and administration

Individual. When taken orally, the dose for adults is 500 mg 3-4 times / day.

Single doses for children under 3 years old - 15 mg / kg, 3-8 years old - 150-200 mg over 8 years old - 200-400 mg, frequency of use - 3-4 times / day.

The course of treatment is 7-10 days.

For external use, apply to gauze swabs or directly to the affected area. A conventional dressing is applied on top, it is possible with parchment or compress paper. Dressings are performed depending on the indications after 1-3 days, sometimes after 4-5 days.

Topically used in ophthalmology as part of combination preparations in accordance with the indications.

Side effects

From the hemopoietic system: thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia.

From the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, flatulence.

From the side of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system: peripheral neuritis, optic neuritis, headache, depression, confusion, delirium, visual and auditory hallucinations.

Allergic reactions: skin rash, urticaria, angioedema.

Local reactions: irritating effect (with external or local application).

Drug Interaction

With the use of chloramphenicol with oral hypoglycemic drugs, there is an increase in hypoglycemic activity by suppressing the metabolism of these drugs in the liver and increasing their concentration in blood plasma.

When used concurrently with drugs that suppress bone marrow hemorrhage, there is an increase in the depressant effect on the bone marrow.

When used with erythromycin, clindamycin, lincomycin noted the mutual attenuation of the action due to the fact that chloramphenicol can displace these drugs from the bound state or prevent their binding to the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomes.

When used with penicillins, chloramphenicol counteracts the bactericidal action of penicillin.

Chloramphenicol suppresses the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, so when used with phenobarbital, phenytoin, warfarin, the metabolism of these drugs is impaired, their excretion is slowed down, and their plasma concentrations are increased.

Deystvuyuschee substances

chloramphenicol

Form of Treatment

simply entails dlya naruzhnogo primeneniya

Indications

From boils, From trophic ulcers, From skin infections, Burns, From bedsores

Possible product names

Levomycetin vials 1%, 25 ml

Tula farmfabrika, Russia



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